Mineral Water Sources After Iceland Volcano Attack.
페이지 정보
본문
Mineral water sources after Iceland Volcano attack.
1783 eruption
On 8 June 1783, a fissure with 130 craters opened with explosions because of the groundwater interacting with the rising basalt magma. Over a few days the eruptions became less explosive This event is not much rated on the Volcanic Explosive Index but the eight month emission of sulfuric aerosols resulted in one of the most important climatic and Naa Anveshana socially repercussive events of the last millennium.
The outpouring of gases, including an estimated 8 million tons of hydrogen fluoride and estimated 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide, gave rise to what has since become known as the Laki haze across Europe.
One of the witness described the catastrophic tell us that all the past week, and the two prior to it, more poison fell from the sky than words can describe: ash, volcanic hairs, rain full of sulfur and saltpeter all of it mixed with sand. The snouts, nostrils, and feet of livestock grazing or walking on the grass turned bright yellow and raw. All water went tepid and light blue in color and gravel slides turned gray. All the earth's plants burned, withered and turned gray, one after another, as the fire increased and neared the settlements.
Consequences in Europe
An estimated 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, about three times the total annual European industrial output in 2006. This outpouring of sulfur dioxide during unusual weather conditions caused a thick haze to spread across Western Europe, resulting in many thousands of deaths throughout 1783 and the winter of 1784.
The summer of 1783 was the hottest on record and a rare high pressure zone over Iceland caused the winds to blow to the south-east. The fog was so thick that boats stayed in port, unable to navigate, and the sun was described as blood colored.
Inhaling sulfur dioxide gas causes victims to choke as their internal soft tissue swells. The weather became very hot, causing severe thunderstorms with hailstones that were reported to have killed cattle, until the haze dissipated in the autumn. The winter of 1784 was most severe; reported 28 days of continuous frost. The extreme winter is estimated to have caused 8,000 additional deaths in the UK. In the spring thaw, Germany and Central Europe reported severe flood damage.
The meteorological impact of Laki continued, contributing significantly to several years of extreme weather in Europe. Droughts and bad winters and summers, including a violent hailstorm destroyed crops.
As magma nears the surface and its pressure decreases, gases escape. This process is much like what happens when you open a bottle of soda and carbon dioxide escapes. Sulfur dioxide is one of the main components of volcanic gases, and increasing amounts of it herald the arrival of more and more magma near the surface. Gas emissions from volcanoes are a natural contributor to acid rains.
Acid rain is defined as rain with a pH of below 4.0 - 4.5. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6, which is slightly acidic. This natural acidity is caused by dissolved carbon dioxide dissociating to form weak carbonic acid. Acid rain is caused by sulfur from impurities in fossil fuels and nitrogen from the air combining with oxygen from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These diffuse into the atmosphere and react with water to form sulfuric and nitric acids which are soluble and fall with the rain. Some hydrochloric acids are also formed.
Source water includes any surface water such as rivers and lakes or groundwater used as raw water supply. The recent explosion of the volcano caused a lot of problems to the natural environment. It happened that the ash from the volcano full of sulfur dioxide mixed with air water fell almost on the whole Europe territory. Many natural drinking water open aquifers are in danger of poisoning with sulfur impurities.
1783 eruption
On 8 June 1783, a fissure with 130 craters opened with explosions because of the groundwater interacting with the rising basalt magma. Over a few days the eruptions became less explosive This event is not much rated on the Volcanic Explosive Index but the eight month emission of sulfuric aerosols resulted in one of the most important climatic and Naa Anveshana socially repercussive events of the last millennium.
The outpouring of gases, including an estimated 8 million tons of hydrogen fluoride and estimated 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide, gave rise to what has since become known as the Laki haze across Europe.
One of the witness described the catastrophic tell us that all the past week, and the two prior to it, more poison fell from the sky than words can describe: ash, volcanic hairs, rain full of sulfur and saltpeter all of it mixed with sand. The snouts, nostrils, and feet of livestock grazing or walking on the grass turned bright yellow and raw. All water went tepid and light blue in color and gravel slides turned gray. All the earth's plants burned, withered and turned gray, one after another, as the fire increased and neared the settlements.
Consequences in Europe
An estimated 120 million tons of sulfur dioxide were emitted, about three times the total annual European industrial output in 2006. This outpouring of sulfur dioxide during unusual weather conditions caused a thick haze to spread across Western Europe, resulting in many thousands of deaths throughout 1783 and the winter of 1784.
The summer of 1783 was the hottest on record and a rare high pressure zone over Iceland caused the winds to blow to the south-east. The fog was so thick that boats stayed in port, unable to navigate, and the sun was described as blood colored.
Inhaling sulfur dioxide gas causes victims to choke as their internal soft tissue swells. The weather became very hot, causing severe thunderstorms with hailstones that were reported to have killed cattle, until the haze dissipated in the autumn. The winter of 1784 was most severe; reported 28 days of continuous frost. The extreme winter is estimated to have caused 8,000 additional deaths in the UK. In the spring thaw, Germany and Central Europe reported severe flood damage.
The meteorological impact of Laki continued, contributing significantly to several years of extreme weather in Europe. Droughts and bad winters and summers, including a violent hailstorm destroyed crops.
As magma nears the surface and its pressure decreases, gases escape. This process is much like what happens when you open a bottle of soda and carbon dioxide escapes. Sulfur dioxide is one of the main components of volcanic gases, and increasing amounts of it herald the arrival of more and more magma near the surface. Gas emissions from volcanoes are a natural contributor to acid rains.
Acid rain is defined as rain with a pH of below 4.0 - 4.5. Normal rain has a pH of about 5.6, which is slightly acidic. This natural acidity is caused by dissolved carbon dioxide dissociating to form weak carbonic acid. Acid rain is caused by sulfur from impurities in fossil fuels and nitrogen from the air combining with oxygen from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. These diffuse into the atmosphere and react with water to form sulfuric and nitric acids which are soluble and fall with the rain. Some hydrochloric acids are also formed.
Source water includes any surface water such as rivers and lakes or groundwater used as raw water supply. The recent explosion of the volcano caused a lot of problems to the natural environment. It happened that the ash from the volcano full of sulfur dioxide mixed with air water fell almost on the whole Europe territory. Many natural drinking water open aquifers are in danger of poisoning with sulfur impurities.
- 이전글Diyarbakır Escort Hizmetlerinin Sırlarını Açın 24.07.03
- 다음글How In Order To The Right Online Dating Service 24.07.03
댓글목록
등록된 댓글이 없습니다.